{
  "$schema": "https://orinoco.capital/fintech/schema.json",
  "meta": {
    "title": "Venezuela Fintech Directory",
    "publisher": "Orinoco Capital",
    "url": "https://orinoco.capital/fintech",
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "cutoff_date": "2026-10-19",
    "methodology": "Only public sources (press, PitchBook snippets, Dealroom, YC, PR Newswire, LinkedIn founder posts). Amounts unaudited. 'VE-native' = founded/operated from Venezuela or by Venezuelan founders with material Venezuelan market exposure.",
    "totals": {
      "companies_tracked": 37,
      "verified_public_funding_usd": 142165000,
      "cashea_share_pct": 71.8,
      "ex_cashea_funding_usd": 40065000
    }
  },
  "companies": [
    {
      "slug": "cashea",
      "name": "Cashea",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Credit / BNPL",
      "product": "BNPL 0% interest, merchant-funded",
      "founded": "2022",
      "hq": "Caracas (+hub Buenos Aires)",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Pedro Vallenilla", "role": "CEO"},
        {"name": "Arnoldo Gabaldon", "role": "CFO, ex-McKinsey"},
        {"name": "Ramon Lange", "role": "Cofounder"},
        {"name": "Nicolas Curat", "role": "Cofounder"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 102100000,
      "last_round": "Series B US$60M — Jun 2026",
      "traction": "11M users / 40,000 merchants (El Nacional Jul 2026). Monthly volume ~US$300M, ~3.5% of Venezuelan GDP. NPL ~2.5% (Dealroom). Endeavor Global. Faced a 2025 antitrust ruling on merchant exclusivity, brought by Lysto and Rapikom.",
      "web": "cashea.com",
      "confidence": "High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kontigo",
      "name": "Kontigo",
      "ve_native": "Hybrid SF/VE",
      "category": "Stablecoin / Neobank",
      "product": "USDC wallet + remittances + card",
      "founded": "2023",
      "hq": "San Francisco",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Jesus Alberto Castillo Ferrer", "role": "CEO"},
        {"name": "Gino Guatavita", "role": "Cofounder"},
        {"name": "Massimo Di Berardino", "role": "CTO"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 20500000,
      "last_round": "Seed US$20M — Dec 2025",
      "traction": "YC S24. Founder claims (LinkedIn): 1M users, US$1B TPV, US$30M ARR. SUNACRIP registered. Coverage scrutiny by WSJ 2026.",
      "web": "kontigo.com",
      "confidence": "High (funding) / Medium (self-reported metrics)"
    },
    {
      "slug": "el-dorado",
      "name": "El Dorado",
      "ve_native": "VE origin / now LatAm",
      "category": "Crypto P2P / cross-border",
      "product": "USDT P2P + El Dorado Business (built on Tempo)",
      "founded": "2017 / 2022",
      "hq": "Caracas (origin) / LatAm",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Guillermo Goncalvez Espiga", "role": "CEO"},
        {"name": "Jana Petkanic", "role": "Cofounder"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 12450000,
      "last_round": "Series A US$9M — Jun 2026",
      "traction": "12 countries, 100k+ active users, 5M transactions. Seed by Multicoin / Coinbase 2024. Wound down operations for VE residents on May 31, 2025 amid the government's crackdown on parallel-rate pricing; now serves the rest of LatAm.",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "fina",
      "name": "Fina",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "SaaS SMB / Business Financial Management",
      "product": "Cloud ERP + AI copilot (NINA) + path to embedded credit",
      "founded": "2023-10",
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Enrique Rivas", "role": "CEO"},
        {"name": "Diego Aponte", "role": "CMO"},
        {"name": "Sebastian Sanchez", "role": "COO"},
        {"name": "Alejandro Farina", "role": "CTO"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 1465000,
      "last_round": "Seed US$1M — Aug 2026",
      "traction": "5,000+ merchants. ARR ~US$2M (press Aug 2026). US$35/mo. EY Tech 2026. Innoven alumni.",
      "web": "finapartner.com",
      "confidence": "High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ubii-pagos",
      "name": "Ubii Pagos",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Paytech + SMB credit",
      "product": "POS terminals, app, cards, merchant funding",
      "founded": "2013 / 2016",
      "hq": "Caracas Altamira",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Ramon Ignacio Velasquez Gaspard", "role": "CEO"},
        {"name": "Danny Vega", "role": "Cofounder"},
        {"name": "Jose F. Beltrami", "role": "Cofounder"},
        {"name": "Ligia Velasquez", "role": "Cofounder"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 4500000,
      "last_round": "Series A US$4.5M — Sep 2022",
      "traction": "RIF J-407586980. Headcount ~158-180. 2026 targets: 1.2M users, 300k cards, US$200M portfolio. Backed by unnamed local angel.",
      "web": "ubiipagos.com",
      "confidence": "Medium-High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "pago-asap",
      "name": "Pago ASAP",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Remittances / B2B rails",
      "product": "VE <-> world payments + API + USD business accounts",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Caracas / Colombia",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Mayer Waich", "role": "Cofounder & COO"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 1150000,
      "last_round": "Seed US$1.15M — Aug 2026 (SaaSholic lead)",
      "traction": "Seed at US$5M valuation, led by SaaSholic (US$800k) with RallyCap (US$350k). Previously in The Push, Bitso Business's stablecoin accelerator. H1 2026: >US$158M processed (US$30M inflows + US$128M outflows VE). 1,200+ merchants across CO/CL/PE/MX/US. FY26 target US$500M. Colombia-Venezuela binational trade corridor was US$1.17B in 2025 (DANE / Cámara Colombo-Venezolana). API + direct portal for banks, fintechs and remittance houses.",
      "web": "pagoasap.com",
      "confidence": "High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "qash",
      "name": "Qash",
      "ve_native": "VE founders / HQ CO-US",
      "category": "B2B cross-border",
      "product": "US corporate accounts + Colombia-Venezuela bridge",
      "founded": "2023",
      "hq": "Colombia / US",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Boris Spiwak", "role": "Cofounder"},
        {"name": "Ami Spiwak", "role": "Cofounder"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "Pre-seed (Antler + Netherlands gov program) — 2023-24",
      "traction": "Several US$M/month transaction volume. Entering VE market in 2026.",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "n58-banco-digital",
      "name": "N58 Banco Digital",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "SUDEBAN Neobank",
      "product": "100% digital microfinance bank",
      "founded": "2023",
      "hq": "Torre Galipan, Caracas",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Daniel Pessolano", "role": "CEO (ex PedidosYa VE)"},
        {"name": "Sandokan Sanchez", "role": "VP"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "SUDEBAN license — 2023",
      "traction": "~800 legal entities served, portfolio ~US$4.5M, 0% default. Mastercard partnership. Individuals in roadmap.",
      "web": "n58bancodigital.com",
      "confidence": "High (bank)"
    },
    {
      "slug": "zinli",
      "name": "Zinli",
      "ve_native": false,
      "category": "USD Wallet / Visa prepaid",
      "product": "USD Visa prepaid card. Operates inside Venezuela; entity is Panamanian.",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Panama",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Juan Andres Mendoza", "role": "General Manager, MFTech S.A. (Banco Mercantil Panama)"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "N/A — bank balance sheet",
      "traction": "Massively used inside Venezuela but not a VE-native fintech. Panamanian bank product. Included for market relevance, not counted in VE roster.",
      "web": "zinli.com",
      "confidence": "High (origin)"
    },
    {
      "slug": "venflow",
      "name": "Venflow",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Payments infrastructure",
      "product": "Recurring billing / direct-debit SaaS",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [{"name": "Nicolas Passaro", "role": "CEO"}],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "BanescoInnova 2025 (award, equity not confirmed)",
      "traction": "Subscription API.",
      "web": "venflow.app",
      "confidence": "Low"
    },
    {
      "slug": "elmio",
      "name": "Elmio",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Worker credit",
      "product": "Employee loans / ConDiFlex",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "BanescoInnova 2025",
      "traction": null,
      "web": "elmio.app",
      "confidence": "Low"
    },
    {
      "slug": "crixto",
      "name": "Crixto Venezuela",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Crypto-fiat exchange",
      "product": "OTC crypto-fiat exchange (Crixto Vzla C.A.)",
      "founded": "2020",
      "hq": "Valencia",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "SUNACRIP licence 2020; marked 'non-operational for framework adjustment' 2022",
      "traction": "Listed on Latam Fintech Hub. Historical SUNACRIP licensee (Lista Ramírez 2022).",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "apolo-pay",
      "name": "Apolo Pay",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Crypto P2P",
      "product": "LatAm P2P marketplace",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": null,
      "traction": "Latam Fintech Hub.",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Low"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ibis",
      "name": "Ibis",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Stablecoin wallet",
      "product": "LatAm self-custody",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": null,
      "traction": "Latam Fintech Hub.",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Low"
    },
    {
      "slug": "pagodirecto",
      "name": "PagoDirecto",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Payments / mobility",
      "product": "Payments app + contactless parking / transit product integrated with bank APIs",
      "founded": "2019",
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": null,
      "traction": "51-200 employees (LinkedIn). Mixed public sourcing: general payments vs mobility/parking. Do not reduce to a single vertical without a site check.",
      "web": "web.pagodirecto.com",
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "muney",
      "name": "Muney",
      "ve_native": "Hybrid MX/VE",
      "category": "Digital dollars + cash",
      "product": "USDT remittances to Venezuelan cash",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": null,
      "founders": [{"name": "Eduardo Requena", "role": "Cofounder"}],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": null,
      "traction": "MX-registered, operating in VE.",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Low"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cryptobuyer",
      "name": "Cryptobuyer",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Crypto payments",
      "product": "Bill pay with crypto + remittances",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": null,
      "traction": "Tracxn blockchain VE list.",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Low"
    },
    {
      "slug": "pagolisto",
      "name": "Pagolisto",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Bill pay",
      "product": "Top-ups and utilities",
      "founded": "2014",
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": null,
      "traction": "Android app (Tracxn: unfunded).",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Low"
    },
    {
      "slug": "suplicredito",
      "name": "Suplicredito",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Credit",
      "product": "Digital credit",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "BanescoInnova 2025",
      "traction": null,
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Very low"
    },
    {
      "slug": "biyuyo",
      "name": "Biyuyo",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Payments / top-ups",
      "product": "Wallet + telco/utilities top-ups",
      "founded": "2019",
      "hq": "Puerto Cabello",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Jorge Restrepo", "role": "CEO (Tracxn)"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": "Unfunded",
      "traction": "100k+ Play Store downloads.",
      "web": "biyuyo.com.ve",
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "biopago",
      "name": "Biopago",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Biometric payments",
      "product": "Biometric POS (fingerprint) / BDV rails",
      "founded": "2020",
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": null,
      "traction": "45 employees (LinkedIn). Pioneer of biometric POS in Venezuela.",
      "web": "biopagobdv.com",
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "conexus",
      "name": "Conexus",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Payments infrastructure",
      "product": "Interbank switch / electronic-transfer processor",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Rodolfo Gasparri", "role": "President"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": "Not VC-backed",
      "traction": "Reportedly processes ~40% of electronic transfers in Venezuela. Architect of the Pago Móvil rail.",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "bancaribe-digital",
      "name": "Bancaribe (digital / paytech arm)",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Bank paytech",
      "product": "Payment gateway, POS, SMS pay, top-ups",
      "founded": "1954",
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": "SUDEBAN-licensed bank",
      "traction": "Included by Tracxn inside its 'fintech VE top 75' — but is a legacy bank, not a startup. Listed here to distinguish licensed bank rails from fintech.",
      "web": "bancaribe.com.ve",
      "confidence": "High (bank)"
    },
    {
      "slug": "krece",
      "name": "Krece",
      "ve_native": "VE origin / multi-country",
      "category": "Credit / consumer BNPL (with interest)",
      "product": "Finances phones (device-lock), personal loans, top-ups. Charges interest — not 0% like Cashea. Membership tiers Azul-Platino.",
      "founded": "2023-07",
      "hq": "LatAm / VE core",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": "Unfunded (public)",
      "traction": "#2 credit app in Venezuela after Cashea (52.9% of users of an alternative, UN survey Oct 2025). 4M+ app downloads, 2,500+ merchants, active in VE/PE/DO/BO. Founder claim: 800k+ people financed in 2 years (LinkedIn). ~50 employees (LinkedIn krecemovil).",
      "web": "krece.app",
      "confidence": "High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "lysto",
      "name": "Lysto",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "BNPL (0% interest)",
      "product": "BNPL 0% + installment button for e-commerce. Credit lines US$200 to US$4,000 (Black tier). Products: Lysto Nómina / Empresa / Estándar.",
      "founded": "2024",
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Denise Garber", "role": "Founder & Director"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": "Unfunded (public)",
      "traction": "Together with Rapikom won a 2025 antitrust ruling against Cashea's merchant exclusivity clauses (Superintendencia Antimonopolio). Acelera + Pando Lab alumni.",
      "web": "lysto.app",
      "confidence": "High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rapikom",
      "name": "Rapikom",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "BNPL / marketplace",
      "product": "Marketplace + 0% installments at brick-and-mortar merchants. Merchant collects the agreed price; Rapikom absorbs default risk.",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": "Unfunded (public)",
      "traction": "Co-complainant with Lysto in the 2025 antitrust case against Cashea. ~15 employees (LinkedIn).",
      "web": "rapikom.com",
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "popclik",
      "name": "Popclik",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Credit / captive e-commerce",
      "product": "Not an open BNPL network. Own e-commerce (electronics, motorcycles, laptops) sold on credit. 30-40% down, guarantors required, 72h approval. Shipping via Zoom.",
      "founded": "2023-24",
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": null,
      "traction": "Competes with Cashea/Krece in a narrower slice — credit inside its own store, not merchant-network BNPL.",
      "web": "popclik.com",
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "creditotal",
      "name": "CrediTotal",
      "ve_native": "Captive retail",
      "category": "BNPL — retail chain captive",
      "product": "Exclusive installment plan for Mundo Total / tumundototal.com. 50% down + 2 x 25% installments. Not an open platform.",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Grupo Mundo Total", "role": "Parent group"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "N/A — captive of a retail chain",
      "traction": "Ranked in the 38.2% 'alternative to Cashea' bucket in the UN survey — with the caveat that a chain-captive BNPL is not comparable to an open network. Contact cobranzascreditotal@totalmundo.com.",
      "web": "tumundototal.com/creditotal",
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "pagoflash",
      "name": "PagoFlash",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Wallet + Pago Móvil gateway",
      "product": "Bolívares wallet + Pago Móvil / transfer / C2P confirmation API + digital change. Separate entity from Mega Soft.",
      "founded": "~2013 (product); corporate entity active",
      "hq": "Caracas (El Rosal)",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Corporación Unidigital / PagoFlash International C.A.", "role": "RIF J-40256916-5"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": "Not disclosed",
      "traction": "pagoflash.com. API docs at unidigital.global. Play Store 5k+ installs (Corp Unidigital 1220 CA).",
      "web": "pagoflash.com",
      "confidence": "High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mega-soft",
      "name": "Mega Soft",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Paytech infrastructure / vPOS",
      "product": "30+ years. Merchant Server multi-bank, POS, payment button, C2P, digital P2C change. Certified against SFN processors.",
      "founded": "1990s",
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "N/A — traditional company",
      "traction": "Integrated into supermarket and pharmacy checkouts. Distinct from PagoFlash (frequently confused).",
      "web": "megasoft.com.ve",
      "confidence": "High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "disglobal",
      "name": "Disglobal",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "POS / acquiring enablement",
      "product": "Smart POS NEXGO, authorized VE lab, digital change. Partner to Kontigo for USDT acceptance across ~40,000 POS.",
      "founded": "2019",
      "hq": "Caracas (El Recreo / Bello Monte)",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": "Not disclosed",
      "traction": "RIF J-41243890-5. ~62 employees (LinkedIn). Contact atencionalcliente@dis-global.com / +58 212 308-9100.",
      "web": "dis-global.com",
      "confidence": "High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "vippo",
      "name": "Vippo (ViPPO / Vip Corporation)",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Wallet + SMS gateway",
      "product": "SMS-triggered payments + app + top-ups. Bank connectivity: Banesco, Bancaribe, Plaza + others.",
      "founded": "2014-15",
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Andrés García-Contreras", "role": "Director (2016)"},
        {"name": "Mario Sánchez Castillo", "role": "General Manager, Gust"},
        {"name": "Roberto Angulo", "role": "Angel"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": 0,
      "last_round": "Not disclosed",
      "traction": "2022: 65k wallets, 4,000 merchants, 9 banks. 2026: continues as ISP payment gateway (via Wispro). Historical vippo.mobi.",
      "web": null,
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "spidi",
      "name": "SPIDI",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Payments infrastructure / orchestration",
      "product": "Payment orchestrator: one API across Débito Inmediato, Pago Móvil and crypto. Botón SPIDI (checkout), Solicitud SPIDI (pay link / QR via API, app, SPIDI Center or POS), SPIDI Center (reconciliation). Payer needs no app or signup — pays from any Venezuelan bank with their bank key",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Rafael Santelmo", "role": "CEO & Cofounder (ex CEO Academia Hack)"},
        {"name": "Federico Santelmo", "role": "Cofounder & Partner"},
        {"name": "Edgar Rodríguez P.", "role": "Cofounder"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "Not disclosed",
      "traction": "Settlement bank: Banco Sofitasa — per docs.mispidi.com, SPIDI \"se apoya en el Banco Sofitasa\" to settle in bolívares to the merchant's account at any bank, whether the payer used their bank, Pago Móvil or crypto. Operational, not equity: no public link between founders and Sofitasa ownership. SPIDI states it provides technology only and never holds funds. Legal entity Soluciones SPIDI-VEN, S.A. — RIF J-50733628-0. Sofitasa attended the launch. Merchant logos on site: Cusica, EnPunto, MIL, Tiquemax, Minds, VNET, Ticket, Parkeate. Founders also linked to S Punto de Venta (spuntodeventa.com), a Caracas POS hardware distributor (Urovo terminals, C2P).",
      "web": "mispidi.com",
      "confidence": "Medium-High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "tesote",
      "name": "Tesote",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "B2B treasury / financial automation",
      "product": "Treasury and finance-ops platform for enterprises: unifies multiple banks, ERPs and cash flows in one dashboard; treasury, accounts receivable and reconciliation automation",
      "founded": "2023",
      "hq": "Venezuelan origin; CEO based in Miami",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Luis Pulgar", "role": "CEO & Co-founder"},
        {"name": "Daniel Francoeur", "role": "CTO"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "Not disclosed",
      "traction": "Operates in 6 countries incl. Venezuela, US, Colombia, Panama and Dominican Republic. Named clients: Cashea, Cines Unidos, Ama de Casa, Paisa (Ecosistema, 6 Apr 2026). Presented at Startup Venezuela Summit 2025. Listed in Andrés Bilbao's 'nuevas startups venezolanas' roundup (Oct 2026).",
      "web": "tesote.com",
      "confidence": "Medium-High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "quoota",
      "name": "Quoota",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Worker credit",
      "product": "Payroll-backed employee credit in USD: up to 2x monthly salary, 0% down, up to 6 months, disbursed to the employee's national bank account in under 72h; the employer deducts repayments from payroll. Only for employees of partner companies",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Carlos Guruceaga", "role": "CEO"},
        {"name": "Daniella Riviere", "role": "CGO"},
        {"name": "Antonio Vitolla", "role": "CMO"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "Not disclosed",
      "traction": "400 partner companies, 55,000 users and a US$22M historical loan portfolio (Ecosistema, 15 Oct 2026). Model born in a market without liquidity or individual credit history: the employment link lets Quoota see tenure, stability, debt capacity and repayment. Legal name Quoota Capital, described as a 'Start Up venezolana' by Banca y Negocios. Funding source of the loan book and equity rounds not public. Team roles per Ecosistema; founder status not stated.",
      "web": "quoota.com",
      "confidence": "Medium-High"
    },
    {
      "slug": "latin-pagos",
      "name": "Latin Pagos",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "POS / acquiring enablement",
      "product": "POS terminals (LPunto, LPunto Plus, LPunto Naranja) for SMBs and entrepreneurs; since 1 Oct 2025 LPunto accepts Pago Móvil via dynamic QR with instant confirmation, without logging into online banking",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Venezuela (points of sale incl. Valencia)",
      "founders": [],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "Not disclosed",
      "traction": "Claims 25,000+ clients nationwide; billed as the first POS in Venezuela to accept Pago Móvil by QR (Banca y Negocios, 12 Oct 2025). Distributes terminals alongside bank partners. Legal entity, founders and acquiring banks not public.",
      "web": "latin-pagos.com",
      "confidence": "Medium"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rial",
      "name": "Rial",
      "ve_native": true,
      "category": "Personal finance (PFM)",
      "product": "Personal finance app for Venezuela: budgets, savings goals and expense tracking across VES, USD cash, Zelle and USDT in one balance, voice logging and live FX conversion. Does NOT move money or connect to bank accounts: entries are manual or by voice. Freemium",
      "founded": null,
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "founders": [
        {"name": "Rafael Graziani", "role": "CEO & Co-founder"},
        {"name": "Anselmo Velazco", "role": "CFO & Co-founder"},
        {"name": "Adirson Martinez", "role": "CTO & Co-founder"},
        {"name": "Inaki Umerez", "role": "CMO & Co-founder"}
      ],
      "raised_usd": null,
      "last_round": "Not disclosed",
      "traction": "Website claims +55K users. Launch campaign Nov 2025 (Instagram reel, 18K likes). Google Play rating 3.6 (770 reviews). Included as PFM: no payments, credit or custody.",
      "web": "somosrial.com",
      "confidence": "Medium"
    }
  ],
  "rounds": [
    {"company": "Cashea", "date": "2022-03-15", "type": "Angel", "amount_usd": 250000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "Angels", "source": "PitchBook", "notes": "First check"},
    {"company": "Cashea", "date": "2024-11-18", "type": "Early VC", "amount_usd": 250000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": null, "participants": "Alpine VC, NuMundo (Forbes 2025: ~US$2.1M early cumulative)", "source": "PitchBook / Forbes"},
    {"company": "Cashea", "date": "2025-09-15", "type": "Accelerator", "amount_usd": 0, "instrument": "Accel", "lead": "Plug and Play / Endeavor ScaleUp", "participants": "Endeavor Global ISP Cambridge 2025", "source": "PitchBook / Forbes AR"},
    {"company": "Cashea", "date": "2026-03-01", "type": "Series A", "amount_usd": 40000000, "instrument": "20M equity + 20M debt", "lead": "Spice Expeditions", "participants": "Architect Capital (debt US$20M), Endeavor Catalyst", "source": "PR Newswire / FinSMEs / Bloomberg", "notes": "Closed Mar-2026, announced Jul-2026"},
    {"company": "Cashea", "date": "2026-06-01", "type": "Series B", "amount_usd": 60000000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "FinSight Ventures", "participants": "Spice Expeditions, Endeavor Catalyst, Plug and Play, NuMundo Ventures, Krealo (Credicorp), Amador Holdings, UCAB, WashU St Louis endowment, others undisclosed", "source": "PR Newswire / LAVCA / Dealroom", "notes": "Lead counsel FinSight: Nelson Mullins"},
    {"company": "Kontigo", "date": "2023-09/2023-12", "type": "Pre-seed / seed early", "amount_usd": 100000, "instrument": "Equity", "participants": "Greylock, Menlo, Polygon Labs, Tribe, Furqan Rydhan, J-B Rudelle, Ron Pragides, Stani Kulechov", "source": "StartupIntros", "notes": "Cross-source amounts inconsistent"},
    {"company": "Kontigo", "date": "2024-01", "type": "YC / accel", "amount_usd": 500000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "Y Combinator", "participants": "YC S24 standard + HF0 / Founders Inc", "source": "PitchBook / YC"},
    {"company": "Kontigo", "date": "2025-12-19", "type": "Seed", "amount_usd": 20000000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "No single lead publicly disclosed", "participants": "DST Global, Coinbase Ventures, Goodwater, Soma, Pioneer Fund, Transpose, Alumni Ventures, FoundersX, Orange Collective, Founders Inc, Hubert Thieblot, Furqan Rydhan, Tom Blomfield, Harj Taggar, Jesse Pollak/Base, Hoolie Tejwani/Coinbase, Oliver Jung, Andrej Henkler, Tom Brown, Matteo Franceschetti, Evan Cheng, Vicente Zavarce, Ricardo Schafer, Yi Shi, Philippe Teixeira da Mota, Brian Neer, Jerry Wang, Richard Chen", "source": "LinkedIn founder post + PitchBook + CB Insights", "notes": "Reported valuation ~US$250M (Banca y Negocios) / ~US$100M (Caplight). Conflict."},
    {"company": "El Dorado", "date": "2022", "type": "Pre-seed / SkyDeck", "amount_usd": 450000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "UC Berkeley SkyDeck", "participants": "Awesome People Ventures", "source": "CryptoBriefing / Tracxn"},
    {"company": "El Dorado", "date": "2024-05-27", "type": "Seed", "amount_usd": 3000000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "Multicoin Capital", "participants": "Coinbase Ventures, UC Berkeley SkyDeck, Awesome People Ventures", "source": "The Defiant / LatamList / Tracxn", "notes": "Wilson Sonsini counsel"},
    {"company": "El Dorado", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "Series A", "amount_usd": 9000000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "Paradigm", "participants": "Coinbase Ventures, Verda Ventures", "source": "The Block / Dealroom", "notes": "Business on Tempo (Paradigm+Stripe L1)"},
    {"company": "Fina", "date": "2024", "type": "Pre-seed", "amount_usd": 115000, "instrument": "SAFE", "lead": "Angels + Innoven", "participants": "Angels US$85k + Innoven US$30k", "source": "Innoven LinkedIn"},
    {"company": "Fina", "date": "2025-03", "type": "Seed I", "amount_usd": 350000, "instrument": "SAFE", "lead": "Innoven / SquareOne + angels", "participants": "Innoven follow-on US$50k, Patrick Dolman (ex Bicycle Capital), Emprelatam", "source": "Innoven / Emprelatam / PitchBook", "notes": "PitchBook still shows $450k (out of date vs 2026 round)"},
    {"company": "Fina", "date": "2026-08", "type": "Seed II", "amount_usd": 1000000, "instrument": "Equity/SAFE", "lead": "Club deal", "participants": "Tomorrow Capital (UK, Harrison Emmet-Lee), Square One Capital (US), Platanus Ventures (CL), Neer Ventures (US), Norte VC (BR). Angels: Marcelo Lombardo (Omie BR), Jorge Ulloa (Bold CO), Rodrigo Tognini (Contasimple BR), Gabriel Monroy (Colektia CL)", "source": "El Nacional / Ecosistema 25-27 Aug 2026", "notes": "Most recent round in the set"},
    {"company": "Ubii Pagos", "date": "2022-09-06", "type": "Series A", "amount_usd": 4500000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "Unnamed local angel", "participants": "VE natural person from financial sector (CEO interview Latam Fintech)", "source": "LatamList / PitchBook", "notes": "Investor name never disclosed"},
    {"company": "Pago ASAP", "date": "2026-08-21", "type": "Seed", "amount_usd": 1150000, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "SaaSholic (US$800k)", "participants": "RallyCap (US$350k). Prior: The Push accelerator (Bitso Business, stablecoins). No named angels disclosed.", "source": "The SaaS News / LatamList", "notes": "Reported valuation US$5M. Raising.fi lists more investors behind paywall."},
    {"company": "Qash", "date": "2023-24", "type": "Pre-seed", "amount_usd": null, "instrument": "Equity", "lead": "Antler", "participants": "Netherlands gov program", "source": "Yahoo / Spiwak interview", "notes": "Amount undisclosed"}
  ],
  "investors": [
    {"name": "FinSight Ventures", "type": "VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Cashea"], "role": "Lead Series B"},
    {"name": "Spice Expeditions", "type": "VC", "hq": "New York", "companies": ["Cashea"], "role": "Lead Series A"},
    {"name": "Architect Capital", "type": "Debt / VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Cashea"], "role": "Debt US$20M"},
    {"name": "Endeavor Catalyst", "type": "CVC / network", "hq": "SF", "companies": ["Cashea"], "role": "Follow"},
    {"name": "Plug and Play", "type": "Accel / VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Cashea"]},
    {"name": "NuMundo Ventures", "type": "VC", "hq": "California", "companies": ["Cashea"], "role": "Repeat"},
    {"name": "Krealo (Credicorp)", "type": "CVC", "hq": "Peru", "companies": ["Cashea"], "role": "LatAm corporate"},
    {"name": "Amador Holdings", "type": "VC / Family Office", "hq": "LatAm", "companies": ["Cashea"]},
    {"name": "UCAB", "type": "University endowment", "hq": "Caracas", "companies": ["Cashea"], "role": "Institutional VE check"},
    {"name": "Washington Univ. St. Louis", "type": "Endowment", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Cashea"], "role": "Rare emerging-markets check"},
    {"name": "Alpine Venture Capital", "type": "VC", "hq": null, "companies": ["Cashea"], "role": "Early (Forbes 2025)"},
    {"name": "Y Combinator", "type": "Accelerator", "hq": "SF", "companies": ["Kontigo"]},
    {"name": "DST Global", "type": "Mega VC", "hq": "Global", "companies": ["Kontigo"], "role": "Named by founder"},
    {"name": "Coinbase Ventures", "type": "CVC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Kontigo", "El Dorado"], "role": "Repeat crypto"},
    {"name": "Goodwater Capital", "type": "VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Kontigo"]},
    {"name": "Soma Capital", "type": "VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Kontigo"]},
    {"name": "Pioneer Fund", "type": "YC-aff VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Kontigo"]},
    {"name": "Transpose Platform", "type": "VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Kontigo"]},
    {"name": "Alumni Ventures", "type": "VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Kontigo"]},
    {"name": "FoundersX Ventures", "type": "VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Kontigo"]},
    {"name": "Founders, Inc.", "type": "Studio / VC", "hq": "SF", "companies": ["Kontigo"], "role": "Via Hubert Thieblot, Furqan Rydhan"},
    {"name": "HF0", "type": "Residency", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Kontigo"], "role": "Dave Fontenot"},
    {"name": "Orange Collective / Orange DAO", "type": "DAO / angel network", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Kontigo"]},
    {"name": "Optimism Collective", "type": "Ecosystem", "hq": null, "companies": ["Kontigo"]},
    {"name": "Bayhouse Capital", "type": "VC", "hq": null, "companies": ["Kontigo"], "role": "PitchBook-listed"},
    {"name": "Paradigm", "type": "Crypto VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["El Dorado"], "role": "Lead Series A; also Tempo L1 infra"},
    {"name": "Multicoin Capital", "type": "Crypto VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["El Dorado"], "role": "Lead Seed"},
    {"name": "Verda Ventures", "type": "VC", "hq": null, "companies": ["El Dorado"]},
    {"name": "UC Berkeley SkyDeck", "type": "Accelerator / fund", "hq": "US", "companies": ["El Dorado"]},
    {"name": "Awesome People Ventures", "type": "VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["El Dorado"]},
    {"name": "Tomorrow Capital", "type": "VC", "hq": "UK", "companies": ["Fina"], "role": "Harrison Emmet-Lee"},
    {"name": "Square One Capital / Innoven", "type": "VC + Accelerator VE", "hq": "US / VE", "companies": ["Fina"], "role": "Alex Gomez / Innoven"},
    {"name": "Platanus Ventures", "type": "VC", "hq": "Chile", "companies": ["Fina"]},
    {"name": "Neer Ventures", "type": "VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Fina"]},
    {"name": "Norte VC", "type": "VC", "hq": "Brazil", "companies": ["Fina"]},
    {"name": "Emprelatam", "type": "Accelerator", "hq": "LatAm", "companies": ["Fina"]},
    {"name": "Antler", "type": "VC studio", "hq": "Global", "companies": ["Qash"]},
    {"name": "SaaSholic", "type": "VC", "hq": "Brazil / US", "companies": ["Pago ASAP"], "role": "Lead Seed US$800k (Aug 2026)"},
    {"name": "RallyCap", "type": "VC", "hq": "US", "companies": ["Pago ASAP"], "role": "Seed US$350k (Aug 2026)"},
    {"name": "The Push (Bitso Business)", "type": "Accelerator", "hq": "Mexico", "companies": ["Pago ASAP"], "role": "Stablecoin accelerator by Bitso Business — cheque + credits + mentoring, prior to the SaaSholic-led seed"},
    {"name": "Unnamed local angel", "type": "Angel", "hq": "Venezuela", "companies": ["Ubii Pagos"], "role": "Series A US$4.5M; CEO described as VE natural person from financial sector"}
  ],
  "angels": [
    {"name": "Marcelo Lombardo", "credential": "Founder Omie (BR)", "company": "Fina", "round": "Seed 2026"},
    {"name": "Jorge Ulloa", "credential": "Founder Bold (CO)", "company": "Fina", "round": "Seed 2026"},
    {"name": "Rodrigo Tognini", "credential": "Contasimple (BR)", "company": "Fina", "round": "Seed 2026"},
    {"name": "Gabriel Monroy", "credential": "Colektia (CL)", "company": "Fina", "round": "Seed 2026"},
    {"name": "Patrick Dolman", "credential": "ex Bicycle Capital", "company": "Fina", "round": "Seed 2025 US$350k"},
    {"name": "Tom Blomfield", "credential": "YC / Monzo founder", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Seed 2025"},
    {"name": "Harj Taggar", "credential": "YC", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Seed 2025"},
    {"name": "Hubert Thieblot", "credential": "Founders Inc", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Pre / Seed"},
    {"name": "Furqan Rydhan", "credential": "Founders Inc", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Pre / Seed"},
    {"name": "Jesse Pollak", "credential": "Base / Coinbase", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Seed"},
    {"name": "Hoolie Tejwani", "credential": "Coinbase", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Seed"},
    {"name": "Vicente Zavarce", "credential": "LatAm operator", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Seed"},
    {"name": "Matteo Franceschetti", "credential": "Eight Sleep founder", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Seed"},
    {"name": "Evan Cheng", "credential": "Mysten / Aptos", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Seed"},
    {"name": "Stani Kulechov", "credential": "Aave", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Early"},
    {"name": "Jean-Baptiste Rudelle", "credential": "Criteo", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Early"},
    {"name": "Oliver Jung", "credential": "European angel", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Seed"},
    {"name": "Andrej Henkler", "credential": "Angel", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Seed"},
    {"name": "Dave Fontenot", "credential": "HF0", "company": "Kontigo", "round": "Residency"}
  ],
  "historic_exchanges": [
    {"name": "Criptoex", "hq": "Venezuela", "status": "SUNACRIP operating licence, 2022", "source": "Lista Ramírez 2022"},
    {"name": "Criptoven Trade", "hq": "Venezuela", "status": "SUNACRIP operating licence, 2022", "source": "Lista Ramírez 2022"},
    {"name": "Venecrip", "hq": "Venezuela", "status": "SUNACRIP operating licence, 2022", "source": "Lista Ramírez 2022"},
    {"name": "Amberes Coin", "hq": "Venezuela", "status": "SUNACRIP operating licence, 2022", "source": "Lista Ramírez 2022"},
    {"name": "Asesoría Financiera IO", "hq": "Venezuela", "status": "SUNACRIP operating licence, 2022", "source": "Lista Ramírez 2022"},
    {"name": "Cryptia Exchange", "hq": "Venezuela", "status": "SUNACRIP licence, marked non-operational 2022", "source": "Lista Ramírez 2022"},
    {"name": "Criptoactivos Bancar", "hq": "Venezuela", "status": "SUNACRIP licence, marked non-operational 2022", "source": "Lista Ramírez 2022"},
    {"name": "Inversiones Financieras 1444", "hq": "Venezuela", "status": "SUNACRIP licence, marked non-operational 2022", "source": "Lista Ramírez 2022"}
  ],
  "excluded": [
    {
      "name": "UnblockPay",
      "hq": "São Paulo",
      "category": "Stablecoin rails",
      "raised_usd": 4500000,
      "reason": "Brazilian company. Occasionally tagged as VE inside Latam Fintech Hub. Not domiciled or operated from Venezuela."
    },
    {
      "name": "Wally Tech",
      "hq": "Panama",
      "category": "USD wallet + Mastercard prepaid",
      "reason": "Product of Banesco Panama. App + physical Mastercard prepaid shipped to Venezuela. Monthly limit ~US$1.5-3k. Reloaded via international Visa/MC, not directly in Bolívares. Widely used inside Venezuela but not a Venezuelan company. Site: wally.tech."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mony",
      "hq": "Panama",
      "category": "USD wallet",
      "reason": "Product of Mercantil Panama. Widely used inside Venezuela but not a Venezuelan company."
    },
    {
      "name": "Yummy Pay / Yummy",
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "category": "Superapp (delivery + wallet)",
      "raised_usd": 69000000,
      "reason": "YC-backed superapp (delivery/logistics), not a pure fintech. Its wallet is an internal feature. Founded by Vicente Zavarce."
    },
    {
      "name": "Plataforma Patria",
      "hq": "Venezuela",
      "category": "State wallet",
      "reason": "State-run wallet and welfare-payment system. Not a startup."
    },
    {
      "name": "MotoGo",
      "hq": "Caracas",
      "category": "Mobility (motorcycle subscription)",
      "raised_usd": 1730000,
      "reason": "Motorcycle-as-a-service (US$4–6/day, ~US$200/month, maintenance, roadside assistance and insurance bundled), not credit or payments. ~US$1.73M equity: US$230k pre-seed led by Impulsa VC, ~US$1M with Epakon, Tomorrow Capital and Outbound Ventures, US$500k from First Principles; plus ~US$5M in debt for the fleet; US$10M valuation, ~700 bikes, 27,000+ waitlist (Bloomberg Línea, 22 Sep 2026). CEO Oliver Laufer. Founder-claimed 23k onboarded users and US$1.5M ARR not independently verified."
    }
  ],
  "antitrust_2025": {
    "case": "Superintendencia Antimonopolio ruling on Cashea merchant exclusivity",
    "year": 2025,
    "complainants": ["Lysto", "Rapikom"],
    "target": "Cashea",
    "ruling_summary": "The Venezuelan Superintendencia Antimonopolio issued a ruling in favor of Lysto and Rapikom, striking down the merchant-exclusivity clauses Cashea had been imposing on retailers. The ruling opens the door for competing BNPL apps to onboard the same merchant base.",
    "significance": "Structural: it breaks a core moat Cashea relied on to compound network effects. It also puts a formal date on when a competitive BNPL market becomes possible in Venezuela.",
    "sources": ["Banca y Negocios", "2001.com.ve"]
  },
  "census": {
    "tracxn_headline_2026": 75,
    "wpm_headline": 73,
    "actually_funded": 9,
    "series_a_or_higher": 4,
    "born_2021_peak_cohort": 11,
    "born_2026": 2,
    "residual_gap_estimate": "25 to 40 names",
    "narrative": "Tracxn's July 2026 'Venezuela fintech' bucket lists 75 companies. That number includes a 1954 bank (Bancaribe), Web3 tokens, dead SUNACRIP exchanges, and software firms that are not fintechs. Only ~9 have any documented public funding; four of those have reached Series A or higher. The full Tracxn list is paywalled and the ve.fintech member registry (BID cites 57 legal entities + 65 individual entrepreneurs) is not public. Closing that gap requires: (1) email hola@venezuelafintech.org for the member list, (2) a Tracxn subscription month for CSV export, (3) RIF cross-checks in Dato Capital / DatosVE. This directory refuses to pad the count with foreign wallets or non-fintech names, per the researcher's explicit warning that an inflated census damages SEO and GEO credibility.",
    "next_scrape": [
      "Full ve.fintech member list",
      "SUNACRIP licence PDFs",
      "Full Cashea Series B roster in PitchBook",
      "RIF and Mercantile Registry verification for every low-confidence row"
    ]
  }
}